Craniofacial
The word craniofacial is derived
from the word cranio, referring to the skull or cranium,
and facial, referring to the face. Anomaly is the
a medical term meaning "irregularity" or "different
from normal." Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) are a group
of deformities involving the growth of the head and
facial bones. These anomalies are congenital (present
at birth) and vary in type and severity. 
Experts agree that many factors contribute to the
development of craniofacial anomalies. Some craniofacial
anomalies are a result of genetic mutations (multiple
genes are inherited from both parents). Other craniofacial
anomalies may be a result of environmental factors,
which scientists do not completely understand.
Research studies continue to focus on the normal
gene and how a genetic mutation results in different
anomalies. New methods of gene therapy are currently
being developed.
Over the past several years, plastic and craniofacial
surgeons have developed new surgical techniques and
interventions for the care of the child with a craniofacial
anomaly. Children with craniofacial anomalies often
have multiple problems that require the expertise
of a multidisciplinary team. The multidisciplinary
team provides for the medical, physical, and psychosocial
needs of the child and the family.
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